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OSW Commentary | | Bartłomiej Pierzchała

Finding our bearings tracking circumvention of EU dual-use sanctions on Russia

https://www.osw.waw.pl/sanctions/ High-level analysis of the European Union’s response to the embargo on dual-use item exports to Russia. Dual-Use Sanctions to Russia
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak, Tadeusz Iwański

A campaign without elections Ukraines political landscape in the fourth year of the war

For several months, Ukraine has seen increased political activity from both the government and the opposition. Statements by the US president expressing a desire to swiftly negotiate a Ukrainian-Russian ceasefire, which could pave the way…
OSW Report | | Iwona Wiśniewska

A game of cat and mouse. How Russia is circumventing sanctions

The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
OSW Commentary | | Zespół Niemiec i Europy Północnej OSW

Agency on credit Germany releases the debt brake

The amendment to Germany’s Basic Law, enabling increased spending on defence and infrastructure investments, should be seen as a key element of the changes initiated in the country following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 – albeit a…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Cluster open up Ukraines opportunities and risks on the road to the EU

Poland’s presidency of the Council of the EU, which started on 1 January this year, is seen by Ukraine as an opportunity to inject new momentum into its EU integration process. Ukraine aims to open accession negotiations in at least three…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Thirty years of crisis Romanias demographic situation

Over the past three decades, Romania has been among the fastest-depopulating countries in the European Union. Between the beginning of its political and economic transition and 2021, the country lost as much as 17% of its population.…
OSW Commentary | | Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski

Army at a crossroads the mobilisation and organisational crisis of the Defence Forces of Ukraine

In early 2025, Ukraine was shaken by a scandal triggered by reports of mass desertions from the French-trained Anne of Kyiv 155th Mechanised Brigade.
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year three of the war Russias hopes for victory and a crisis in transatlantic relations

Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…