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OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Sławomir Matuszak, Filip Rudnik
Ukraine’s seizure of a portion of Russian territory containing strategically important gas infrastructure assets has not resulted in a reduction of Russian gas flow to EU consumers. However, the rising security risks along this route in…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Kłysiński
The sanctions imposed by the West after 2020, along with the involvement of Alyaksandr Lukashenka’s regime in the invasion of Ukraine, have severely impacted Belarus’spetrochemical sector. The EU’s embargo on the import of petroleum…
OSW Commentary |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
In the vision for the economy presented by the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) at the Third Plenum of the 20th Central Committee (CC), technological progress is portrayed as the solution to the major issues affecting the…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Sandra Baniak
Alongside Via Baltica, Rail Baltica (RB), which involves the construction of a high-speed railway (HSR) connecting the Baltic state’s capitals, has been the most important infrastructural venture carried out by these states since they…
OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Jędrysiak
A peculiar political system has emerged during the five years of Volodymyr Zelensky’s rule in Ukraine, with virtually all power concentrated in the hands of the head of state and the Office of the President of Ukraine (OPU) which he…
OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
After many years of rapid population growth, Turkey’s demographic future hangs in the balance. The record-low birth rate in 2023 and the changing age structure indicate that Turkish society is entering a stage of ageing typical for highly…
OSW Commentary |
| Andrzej Sadecki
On 27 July 2024, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán delivered his annual keynote speech in Băile Tușnad, Transylvania, Romania, which was almost entirely focussed on global issues. Orbán emphasised that Europe needs to emancipate itself…
OSW Commentary |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński
Hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania have become more widespread as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine with Belarus’s involvement. This animosity has been further exacerbated by the ongoing debate in the Lithuanian…
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a surge in Polish-Ukrainian trade, mainly due to an increase in Polish exports which grew by more than 80% between 2021 and 2023. Poland’s imports have remained at pre-war levels, with the…
OSW Report |
| Robert Pszczel
The subject of this report is the evolution of NATO's approach to the Indo-Pacific and its implications for Poland's security policy. For a long time, the countries of this region based their relations with the Alliance on occasional…