1 - 10 z 68
OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Energy policy in times of war and transition. Priorities of the Central and Eastern European countries and Germany

Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
Analyses | | Łukasz Kobeszko

Bulgaria a grand coalition government

On 16 January, Bulgaria’s parliament approved a new government led by Rosen Zhelyazkov of the centre-right GERB party, which secured the most votes in the October 2024 election (see ‘Election in Bulgaria: fragmentation of parliament and a…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Kobeszko

A dwindling nation Bulgaria is on the brink of a demographic collapse

The greatest challenge Bulgaria will face in the coming decades is addressing the persistent negative trends associated with depopulation. The country’s demographic crisis has been worsening for years, with the population steadily…
Analyses | | Łukasz Kobeszko

Bulgaria and Romania join the Schengen Area no more second-class membership

On 12 December, the EU Council decided to fully integrate Bulgaria and Romania into the Schengen Area as of 1 January 2025. This was made possible by a shift in Austria’s position, which had been the final EU member state to oppose their…
Analyses | | Łukasz Kobeszko

Election in Bulgaria fragmentation of parliament and a strengthened position for the parties of peace

On 27 October, for the seventh time in the past three years, Bulgaria held elections for its 240-member National Assembly. The centre-right GERB party, led by former Prime Minister Boyko Borisov, emerged as the winning party, securing 26.4…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
Analyses | | Łukasz Kobeszko

Snap election in Bulgaria a worsening political crisis and a strengthening radical right

On 9 June, alongside the European Parliament elections, Bulgaria held snap elections for the 240-member National Assembly, the sixth since 2021. Once again, the vote failed to produce a definitive outcome.
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Kobeszko

A country of interim governments The political crisis in Bulgaria and the attempts to solve it

Bulgaria has held five parliamentary elections over the past three years. On 9 June, the citizens of this country will once again elect a new parliament in yet another snap election. A series of interim cabinets appointed by President…