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Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
In 2024, the United States was Germany’s most important trading partner, with a trade volume of €253.4 billion and a surplus of €70 billion (see table). The US thus surpassed the previous leader, China (€254.2 billion in trade volume in…
OSW Commentary |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański
NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…
OSW Commentary |
| Wojciech Konończuk
Despite advances by Russian forces, the third year of full-scale war has not seen a fundamental shift in the military situation. However, it has brought a significant political shift with Donald Trump assuming the US presidency on 20…
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska, Paulina Uznańska
As the European Union tightens its stance towards China while the latter continues its expansion in the e-mobility sector, Chinese-Hungarian relations have gained new momentum. After a decade of difficulties in implementing joint…
OSW Report |
| Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak-Stachowiak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
Analyses |
| Franciszek Tyszka
Since 6 April, when the Hungarian investigative news website Direkt36 published detailed information about the construction of a campus of China’s prestigious Fudan University, there have been ongoing disputes whether this investment is…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec, Jakub Jakóbowski
On 27 January Prime Minister Andrej Babiš (ANO) held a meeting with the leaders of the parliamentary parties about the expansion of the Dukovany nuclear power plant, at which only the Communists failed to agree to exclude the Chinese…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
The past few weeks have exposed tensions in the Czech Republic’s contacts with China and Russia, revealing a crisis of bilateral relations that has been worsening for years. These tensions were escalated by the symbolic gestures made by…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec, Jakub Groszkowski, Michał Bogusz, Jakub Jakóbowski
For several weeks there has been a public debate in the Czech Republic on possible threats to national security posed by the manufacturers of Chinese telecommunications equipment. Discussion on this subject was initiated by the National…