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OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Point of View |
| Łukasz Maślanka
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Report |
| Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska, Piotr Żochowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 1 August, Ankara witnessed the largest prisoner exchange between the US and Russia since the Cold War. The exchange also involved Belarus, Germany, Poland, Norway, and Slovenia.
Analyses |
| Marta Szpala, Kamil Frymark
Increased security on the Macedonian-Greek border has provoked an accumulation of the wave of migrants in Greece.
Analyses |
Angela Merkel made official visits to Croatia and Serbia on 22–23 August. The main subject was the two countries’ EU integration and the intensification of economic co-operation with Germany. The German chancellor emphasised that…
Analyses |
On 21 December a letter from the interior ministers of Germany and France, respectively Thomas de Maiziere and Brice Hortefeux, to the European Commission was revealed. In the letter the two politicians reproach Bulgaria and Romania for…