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Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark, Michał Kędzierski
On 29 January, with the votes of the CDU/CSU–SPD coalition and the opposition AfD, the Bundestag adopted a framework law on the protection of critical infrastructure (the KRITIS umbrella law), implementing the EU CER Directive on the…
Analyses |
| Daria Zielińska
Kazakhstan’s oil sector is facing a serious crisis due to reduced throughput of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), caused by Ukrainian drone attacks in November 2025 and January of this year. The CPC pipeline transports about 1% of…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 23 January, the Czech-based defence conglomerate Czechoslovak Group (CSG) made an exceptionally successful debut on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange. The company’s market value surged by 30% to over €33 billion on the first day of…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
On 21 January, the European Parliament decided, by a narrow margin of ten votes, to refer the EU-Mercosur trade agreement to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in order to examine its compatibility with the EU treaties. 35…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Łukasz Maślanka
On 23 January, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz (CDU) and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni took part in the 33rd German–Italian intergovernmental consultations in Rome. Merz was accompanied by ten ministers, including Vice-Chancellor…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Andrzej Kohut
On 23 January, the US Department of Defense released the National Defense Strategy, a document outlining the Pentagon’s priorities for the coming years. It reaffirms the provisions of the National Security Strategy published in December…
Analyses |
| Jan Nowinowski
On 19 January, the Hungarian oil and gas company MOL announced that it had signed a binding heads of agreement with the Russian petrochemical company Gazprom Neft to purchase a 56.2% stake in Serbia’s fuel company NIS. Within this package…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Matusiak, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 22 January in Davos, representatives of 20 states signed the Charter of the Board of Peace established by Donald Trump (see Appendix). The concept of the board first appeared in a 20-point peace plan for Gaza presented by the United…