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Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Matusiak, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 22 January in Davos, representatives of 20 states signed the Charter of the Board of Peace established by Donald Trump (see Appendix). The concept of the board first appeared in a 20-point peace plan for Gaza presented by the United…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
The Iranian authorities have suppressed the largest wave of anti-regime protests since the 1979 Islamic Revolution. According to moderate estimates, around 13,000 demonstrators and approximately 500 members of the security forces were…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
Since 28 December 2025, Iran has witnessed nationwide, violent protests driven by social and political grievances. The unrest intensified on 8 January, when large-scale demonstrations were held in Tehran and other major cities, including…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Anna Kwiatkowska
In the first week of December, Chancellor Friedrich Merz undertook a two-day visit to Jordan and Israel – his first since assuming office. In Jordan, he met King Abdullah II, to whom he expressed support for a two-state solution to the…
Analyses |
| Marek Matusiak
On 9 October, Israel, Hamas, and mediators (including Steve Witkoff) signed a document in Egypt concerning the end of the war in Gaza. It provides, among other things, for the withdrawal of Israeli forces from within the Strip, the…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
On 28 September, full-scale UN sanctions against Iran came into effect in response to its serious violations of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) concerning the nuclear programme. All the UN restrictions that had been…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
On 24 June, a ceasefire in the Israel-Iranian war, which involved direct US military engagement, came into effect. The ceasefire was imposed by President Donald Trump. The twelve-day conflict marked the greatest defeat in the history of…
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
Russia has sharply condemned the US strike on Iranian nuclear facilities. On 23 June, Vladimir Putin said the attack was an unprovoked act of aggression for which there is no justification. On 22 June, the Russian Foreign Ministry…
Analyses |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz, Marek Menkiszak
In response to Israel’s strikes on military and nuclear facilities in Iran on 13 June, Vladimir Putin held phone conversations with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The following day, he…
Analyses |
| Marek Matusiak, Krzysztof Strachota, Andrzej Kohut
During the night of 12–13 June, Israel launched a military strike against Iran, which – according to official statements – is intended to result in the destruction of the country’s nuclear programme. In the following days, several hundred…