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OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz, Kacper Sienicki

Patience wears thin as Ukraine adopts a harder line on China

Over the past year, Ukraine has redefined its approach to China. This shift reflects the deepening China–Russia relationship, China’s critical role in sustaining Russia’s war effort, and its propaganda support for Moscow in the Global…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz, Witold Rodkiewicz

Three years of war in Ukraine the Chinese-Russian alliance passes the test

China’s support for Russia in its conflict with Ukraine and the West equates to it investing in Putin’s Russia. Beijing cannot afford for Putin to fail, as this would threaten the stability of the anti-Western regime in Russia. The war in…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Bogusz

Acceptance regardless of the costs Chinas stance on the Russia–North Korea alliance

The increasingly intensive cooperation between Russia and North Korea since September 2023 poses a significant threat to the US-led security system in East Asia. By fostering this partnership, Moscow is creating a new axis of international…