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OSW Commentary | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Kamil Kłysiński

A difficult legacy Tensions over how to interpret the shared past of Lithuanian and Belarusian peoples

Hostile attitudes towards Belarusians in Lithuania have become more widespread as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine with Belarus’s involvement. This animosity has been further exacerbated by the ongoing debate in the Lithuanian…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak

An increasingly important partner Polands exports to and investment in Ukraine

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a surge in Polish-Ukrainian trade, mainly due to an increase in Polish exports which grew by more than 80% between 2021 and 2023. Poland’s imports have remained at pre-war levels, with the…
OSW Commentary | | Robert Pszczel

How to win the war and join NATO The key role of Ukraines partnership with the Alliance

Ukraine’s defensive war is a struggle for high stakes: the existence of the Ukrainian state and the security of the entire Western world. The upcoming NATO summit in Washington, like the previous one in Vilnius, will not bring any…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska

NATOs nuclear deterrence is it time for change

NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary | | Marek Menkiszak

The capitulation of Ukraine and the Finlandisation of Europe Russias threats and offers

Over the past few weeks, the political leadership of the Russian Federation (RF) has issued a series of statements and undertaken actions primarily aimed at Ukraine and the Western countries supporting it. These statements and actions can…
OSW Commentary | | Sebastian Płóciennik

Engaging the private sector Germanys plan for the reconstruction of Ukraine

Berlin believes that the reconstruction and post-war development of Ukraine should involve not only enhancing the country’s integration with the EU market and implementing institutional reforms but also increasing engagement by the private…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Pax Ukrainica Ukraines hopes and expectations ahead of the summit in Switzerland

Much of Ukrainian diplomacy’s activity has been focused on efforts to persuade the world that it should support an end to the war with Russia on Ukraine’s terms.
OSW Commentary | | Filip Rudnik

Budanovs sanctions The consequences of Ukrainian attacks on Russian refineries

Ukrainian drone strikes on refinery facilities inside Russia have dealt a significant blow to the Russian fuel sector. During the first four months of 2024, the Ukrainian forces attacked more than a dozen refineries; damage of varying…
OSW Commentary | | Zuzanna Krzyżanowska

On the trail of the grey wolf pan-Turkism in Turkeys foreign policy

Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…
OSW Commentary | | Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński

On the warpath the development and modernisation of the Baltic states armed forces

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 reinforced the sense of threat from Russia in the Baltic states, and spurred them to speed up the implementation of their national defence policies. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia…