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Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Attack on Iran challenges for the oil market

The war between the United States and Israel and Iran, now entering its second week, is increasingly affecting neighbouring the Gulf states that export oil. The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which has been in place for several days, is…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

Sovereign yet forward-oriented towards Europe the evolution of Frances nuclear deterrence doctrine

In a speech delivered on 2 March at the strategic submarine base on Île Longue in Brittany, President Emmanuel Macron announced the launch of a transformation of France’s nuclear doctrine towards “forward deterrence” (dissuasion avancée)…
Analyses | | Miłosz Bartosiewicz, Marek Menkiszak

Moscows response to Israeli attacks on Iran

In response to Israel’s strikes on military and nuclear facilities in Iran on 13 June, Vladimir Putin held phone conversations with Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. The following day, he…
Analyses | | Adam Michalski, Marek Matusiak

Turkey severs its trade relations with Israel

On 2 May, Turkey’s ministry of trade announced its decision to completely halt its trade with Israel due to “the mounting humanitarian tragedy” unfolding in the Palestinian territories in connection with the Israeli offensive in the Gaza…
Analyses | | Krzysztof Strachota

Turkeys harsh response to the conflict in Gaza

The crisis over the Gaza Strip has sparked immense political and social unrest in Turkey. Since 7 October, the Turkish government has been hardening its stance, resorting to a wide range of measures: from calls for de-escalation, through…