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Analyses |
| Jan Strzelecki
On 15 October, the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) decided to sever relations and eucharistic communion with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople (PC). This decision is a reaction to the decision by the Synod of Bishops…
Analyses |
| Piotr Żochowski
The British investigative portal Bellingcat launched a campaign in September as part of which the identities of the Russian military intelligence officers responsible for aggressive diversionary moves are being gradually revealed; this has…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska
Runoffs in which heads of the regions (governors) are elected were held in Russia on 16 and 23 September. The vote in the first round did not decide on the winners in four out of the twenty-two regions in which the governors were elected…
Analyses |
| Jadwiga Rogoża
On 14 September, the Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church suspended its working relations with Constantinople in response to Ukraine’s expected autocephaly.
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz, Michał Bogusz
The 4th Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok was principally the setting for a meeting between Vladimir Putin and the leaders of China, Japan, Mongolia and South Korea.
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 5 September, the Nord Stream 2 company began laying the first pipes in the Gulf of Finland, thus marking the start of the gas pipeline’s construction.
Analyses |
| Jadwiga Rogoża
On 29 August, Vladimir Putin gave a televised address in which he presented a rationale for implementing the reform raising the retirement age.
Analyses |
| Mariusz Marszewski
On 12 August, the leaders of all five coastal countries adopted a framework convention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea during the Caspian Summit in Aktau, Kazakhstan.
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz, Anna Kwiatkowska
On 18 August, Chancellor Angela Merkel and President Vladimir Putin held a working meeting at the castle in Meseberg near Berlin.
Analyses |
| Jadwiga Rogoża
On 19 July, on the first reading, the State Duma adopted a draft law on raising the retirement age of women from 55 to 63 years and men from 60 to 65.