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OSW Report | | Maria Domańska
At present, Russia is experiencing the biggest wave of politically-motivated emigration in its modern history. Thousands of individuals (including oppositionists, activists, human rights defenders and independent journalists) were forced…
Analyses | | Lidia Gibadło
On 22 April, a Russian government plane from Moscow landed in Berlin with a special permit to fly back home on the same day. According to information from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 50 Russian diplomats were expelled from Germany…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski
On 17 January, Wintershall Dea announced its decision to completely withdraw from its business operations in Russia. The company will deconsolidate its assets in the country and take a one-time write-down of €5.3 billion in its settlement…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski
On 14 November the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) issued an order concerning the nationalisation of Securing Energy for Europe GmbH (SEFE), a company which concentrates Gazprom’s gas assets in Germany, and…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 22 February, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced that he had instructed the economy minister Robert Habeck to withdraw the positive assessment of the impact of launching the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the security of gas…
OSW Commentary | | Michał Kędzierski
The German economy is heavily dependent on natural gas, almost all of which it purchases from foreign suppliers. More than half of this is from Russia. For years, Germany underestimated the dangerous degree of its gas dependence on Russia…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
On 28 November, the American news website Axios reported on a non-paper that was sent on 19 November by the German government, via the embassy in Washington, to members of the US Congress concerning the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline. Its…
Analyses | | Michał Kędzierski, Szymon Kardaś
On 16 November, the German Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur, BNetzA) announced it was suspending the process of certifying Nord Stream 2 AG (NS2AG) as an independent transmission system operator. In its statement the regulator…
Analyses | | Szymon Kardaś
On 4 June, during the International Economic Forum in St. Petersburg, Russian President Vladimir Putin announced that the pipe-laying of the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline’s first line (line B) had been completed. He also announced that the…
OSW Commentary | | Ryszarda Formuszewicz, Szymon Kardaś, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Russian ships resumed laying the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) gas pipeline on the Baltic Sea bed in February this year. Russia’s goal is to complete the project and put it into operation as soon as possible. This coincided with media reports that…