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OSW Report |
| Marek Menkiszak
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine aims to subjugate or destroy Ukraine, overturn the current political and security order in Europe, and fundamentally revise the global order. The conflict is systemic in nature and will continue as…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska, Piotr Żochowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 1 August, Ankara witnessed the largest prisoner exchange between the US and Russia since the Cold War. The exchange also involved Belarus, Germany, Poland, Norway, and Slovenia.
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 reinforced the sense of threat from Russia in the Baltic states, and spurred them to speed up the implementation of their national defence policies. Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia…
OSW Commentary |
| Bartosz Chmielewski, Jacek Tarociński
The migratory pressure on the Polish, Lithuanian and Latvian borders with Belarus which has been ongoing since mid-2021, as well as Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, have spurred the Baltic states and Finland to ramp up their…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein, Bartosz Chmielewski
On 7 September the Prime Ministers of Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland announced the introduction of temporary measures restricting Russian citizens from entering the Schengen area for tourism, cultural, sporting or business purposes…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 13 July the European Commission (EC) presented new guidance on the transit of goods through EU territory to and from the Kaliningrad oblast. They oblige EC countries to resume the transit of sanctioned goods to this Russian exclave.…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś
On 10 September, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) annulled a decision issued by the European Commission on 28 October 2016 allowing the Russian Gazprom to send greater volumes of gas through the OPAL pipeline. The CJEU…
Analyses |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
The sentiments in Lithuania, as in Latvia and Estonia, are reminiscent of those seen during the Russian aggression on Georgia.
Analyses |
The Lithuanian energy minister Arvydas Sekmokas announced on 26 August that a letter from Gazprom received by the Lithuanian authorities, containing a protest against plans to reform the Lithuanian gas sector as being contrary to the…