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Analyses |
| Paulina Wankiewicz-Kłoczko
During President Emmanuel Macron’s official visit to Belgrade from 29 to 30 August, Serbia and France signed several cooperation agreements in areas such as environmental protection, agriculture, the utilisation of critical raw materials,…
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska, Piotr Żochowski, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 1 August, Ankara witnessed the largest prisoner exchange between the US and Russia since the Cold War. The exchange also involved Belarus, Germany, Poland, Norway, and Slovenia.
OSW Commentary |
| Jakub Graca, Justyna Gotkowska
NATO is in the process of adjusting its nuclear deterrence in response to the modernisation of Russia’s nuclear capabilities, the deployment of Russian tactical nuclear weapons near NATO’s borders, and the Kremlin’s increasingly aggressive…
OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
Ankara’s active policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia is linked among other things with pan-Turkism, an idea which advocates the integration of the Turkic nations. It is continuously present in the political culture of the Turkish state…
OSW Report |
| Konrad Popławski, Sandra Baniak-Stachowiak, Adam Michalski, Marcin Popławski
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, which has now been ongoing for almost two years, is not only leading to significant political re-evaluations, but is also bringing with it significant transformations in Eurasian transport routes. One of the…
Analyses |
| Jakub Graca, Witold Rodkiewicz
The annual meeting of the OSCE Ministerial Council took place from 30 November to 1 December in the capital of North Macedonia. Due to the participation of Russian foreign minister Sergei Lavrov in the meeting, the foreign ministers of…
Analyses |
| Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Kobeszko
On 13 October 2023, a law came into effect in Bulgaria which introduces an additional transit fee (referred to as the ‘energy levy’) for the import and transit of natural gas from the Russian Federation. The new levy was introduced as part…
Analyses |
| Marta Szpala
Last week, Serbian government declared that they would take measures to limit the negative effects of the ban on Russian oil imports via Croatian oil pipelines and the Omišalj terminal. On 1 November, the sixth package of EU sanctions…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Mateusz Seroka, Marta Szpala
December 2020 saw the completion of another part (Bulgaria–Serbia) of the European section of the TurkStream gas pipeline, through which gas has been exported from Russia to south--eastern Europe since January 2020. The capacity of…
Analyses |
| Mateusz Seroka
On 18 March Bulgaria’s counterintelligence arrested a group of six Bulgarians suspected of spying for Russia. According to the Prosecutor’s Office, five out of the six arrested are former or active servicemen, including officers of the…