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OSW Commentary | | Konrad Popławski

Unequal competition The consequences of the liberalisation of EU–Ukraine road carriage for Central Europe

An agreement between the EU and Ukraine on the partial liberalisation of the carriage of freight by road, which was signed in June 2022, has caused a major transformation of this market. On the one hand, it accelerated the Ukrainian…
OSW Commentary | | Sławomir Matuszak, Konrad Popławski

Running on European tracks Modernising the rail network in western Ukraine during wartime

The Ukrainian government has used the ongoing war as an opportunity to carry out a rapid transformation of the railway infrastructure in the western part of the country. This process is expected to both increase the capacity of the railway…
OSW Commentary | | Wojciech Konończuk

Year two of the war Russia goes on the offensive the West trapped in its strategic delusions

The second year of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has not brought any breakthrough, let alone a resolution to the conflict, and all indications are that none of this could have been avoided. After 24 months of facing Russia’s full-scale…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Ber

On the threshold of a third year of war Ukraines mobilisation crisis

At the end of 2023 the Ukrainian army was facing a serious crisis involving manpower shortage, aside from the even more serious problem posed by the shortfall of weapons and ammunition. This is particularly evident as regards the infantry…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Will Russia pay for the war Efforts to create a compensation mechanism for Ukraine

The almost two-year-long Russian assault has inflicted huge losses on Ukraine. According to the World Bank, the latter lost $135 billion in direct costs in the first twelve months of the war alone. The total economic, social and monetary…
OSW Commentary | | Marcin Jędrysiak

Putting Russia on trial Ukrainian efforts to establish a tribunal for crimes of aggression

Almost since the beginning of the Russian invasion, Ukraine has been calling for the establishment of a special international tribunal to prosecute Russia for its crime of aggression against Ukraine. This is because the International…
OSW Commentary | | Jakub Ber

At war with nature The impact of the Russian invasion on Ukraines natural environment

The Russian invasion of Ukraine, which started in February 2022, has caused not only the deaths and suffering of thousands of people, but also huge environmental damage. It has also exacerbated the enormous environmental problems of the…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Nieczypor

Ukraine the worlds biggest minefield

According to the Ukrainian government, around 174,000 km2 of the country’s territory potentially requires demining. This is almost a third of Ukraine’s total area. Although this estimate seems to be exaggerated, the threat of mines and…
OSW Commentary | | Witold Rodkiewicz, Tadeusz Iwański

The long war Ukraine and Russia after the failure of the Ukrainian counteroffensive

No major success has been seen during the past five months of the Ukrainian counteroffensive. In an interview for the Economist on 1 November, General Valerii Zaluzhnyi, the Ukrainian army’s commander-in-chief, described the situation on…
OSW Commentary | | OSW team

Neighbourly feuds The problem with Ukrainian grain on the Central European markets

Since the EU decided in June 2022 to temporarily lift customs duties on Ukrainian imports, including agri-food imports, the sudden inflow of grain from Ukraine has become increasingly problematic for Central European countries. In May this…