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OSW Commentary |
| Filip Rudnik
The fall in Russia’s oil and gas revenues observed since mid-2025, driven by falling global oil prices and a strong rouble, has deepened further owing to steep discounts applied to Russian crude in the final months of last year. These…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
On 5 March, the United States decided to indefinitely exempt the two companies registered in Germany, Rosneft Deutschland (RND) and RN Refining & Marketing (RNRM), from US sanctions imposed on Russian oil companies last October (see ‘…
OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska
The importance of foreign policy in Hungary’s electoral campaign has increased markedly, although it has not traditionally been one of the principal axes of voter mobilisation. As early as the April 2022 elections – held shortly after…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor
Analyses |
| Jacek Tarociński
Operation Epic Fury, launched against Iran on 28 February, has to a considerable extent been conducted on the basis of US assets permanently stationed in Europe. Europe has also played a logistical role in the United States’ military…
Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark
On 8 March, the Greens, who have governed Baden-Württemberg since 2011, won the election to the state parliament (Landtag) with 30.2% of the vote (2.4 percentage points down from their 2021 result). The Christian Democratic Union (CDU),…
Analyses |
| Kacper Sienicki
Ukraine’s response to the US-Israeli attack on Iran and Iran’s retaliatory moves against countries in the region, was to express clear support for the United States, citing the hostile actions of the Iranian regime towards Ukraine during…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Sadecki, Tadeusz Iwański
Tensions in Hungarian–Ukrainian relations have been escalating for several weeks. The immediate cause of the current escalation was the destruction, at the end of January, of a pumping station of the Druzhba pipeline near Brody as a result…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The war between the United States and Israel and Iran, now entering its second week, is increasingly affecting neighbouring the Gulf states that export oil. The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which has been in place for several days, is…
Analyses |
| Karol Wasilewski
In a statement issued on 4 March, Turkey’s Ministry of National Defence announced that an Iranian ballistic missile heading towards Turkish airspace had been shot down. It was most likely bound for the İncirlik base, where, among others,…