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Analyses | | Maciej Kalwasiński

China-Russia trade in early 2025 Fueling Moscows war despite headwinds

Despite falling oil and car shipments dragging down headline trade figures, China remains central to sustaining Russia’s economy and war effort in 2025.
Analyses | | Andrzej Kohut, Jacek Tarociński

Trumps One Big Beautiful Bill Act lower taxes and greater focus on border protection and confrontation with China

On 4 July, President Donald Trump signed a reconciliation bill, concluding months of negotiations in the US Congress over its final form. The legislation enables adjustments to the budget for the ongoing fiscal year and represents a key…
OSW Commentary | | Adam Michalski

Electromobility Made in Türkiye Turkeys automotive sector in the era of change

The global shift towards electromobility is placing pressure on Turkey’s automotive industry (ranked twelfth globally and third in Europe), which remains heavily dependent on the production of internal combustion vehicles for European…