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Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Justyna Gotkowska
In an article published on 13 February in the bimonthly Foreign Affairs and in remarks delivered during the Munich Security Conference, Chancellor Friedrich Merz (CDU) confirmed that Germany and France have been engaged in talks on nuclear…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Aleksandra Kozaczyńska, Paulina Uznańska
On 25–26 February, Friedrich Merz (CDU) visited China for the first time in his capacity as Chancellor. During a joint press statement with Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and the leader of the People’s…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
In recent weeks, discussions have intensified regarding the possible resumption of dialogue – including at the highest political level – between the European Union, its Member States, and the Russian Federation. This debate has unfolded in…
Analyses |
| Michał Kędzierski
During the European Industry Summit in Antwerp, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz called for changes to the EU Emissions Trading System in unusually strong terms. His remarks resonated widely across Europe and were interpreted as calling…
Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark, Michał Kędzierski
On 29 January, with the votes of the CDU/CSU–SPD coalition and the opposition AfD, the Bundestag adopted a framework law on the protection of critical infrastructure (the KRITIS umbrella law), implementing the EU CER Directive on the…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses |
| Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
On 21 January, the European Parliament decided, by a narrow margin of ten votes, to refer the EU-Mercosur trade agreement to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in order to examine its compatibility with the EU treaties. 35…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Łukasz Maślanka
On 23 January, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz (CDU) and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni took part in the 33rd German–Italian intergovernmental consultations in Rome. Merz was accompanied by ten ministers, including Vice-Chancellor…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Matusiak, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 22 January in Davos, representatives of 20 states signed the Charter of the Board of Peace established by Donald Trump (see Appendix). The concept of the board first appeared in a 20-point peace plan for Gaza presented by the United…