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Analyses | | Daria Zielińska

Kazakhstans new constitution preparations for succession and the façade of democratisation

On 15 March, Kazakhstan’s citizens voted in a referendum to adopt a new constitution, with 87% of voters supporting the measure, and official turnout standing at 73%. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev initiated the constitutional reform…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Attack on Iran challenges for the oil market

The war between the United States and Israel and Iran, now entering its second week, is increasingly affecting neighbouring the Gulf states that export oil. The blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which has been in place for several days, is…
Analyses | | Daria Zielińska

Tashievs dismissal a political earthquake in Kyrgyzstan

On 10 February, the President of Kyrgyzstan, Sadyr Japarov, issued a decree removing Kamchybek Tashiev – de facto the second most powerful figure in the state – from his post as head of the State Committee for National Security (GKNB).…
Analyses | | Daria Zielińska

Ukrainian attacks on the CPC oil pipeline outlook for Kazakhstans oil sector

Kazakhstan’s oil sector is facing a serious crisis due to reduced throughput of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), caused by Ukrainian drone attacks in November 2025 and January of this year. The CPC pipeline transports about 1% of…
Analyses | | Krzysztof Strachota

Iran on the brink of revolution and war

Since 28 December 2025, Iran has witnessed nationwide, violent protests driven by social and political grievances. The unrest intensified on 8 January, when large-scale demonstrations were held in Tehran and other major cities, including…