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OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor
In September 2025, President Volodymyr Zelensky signed a decree awarding the rank of brigadier general to Andriy Biletskyi, one of the most influential and prominent leaders of the Ukrainian nationalist movement. The promotion followed his…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska
The parliamentary election scheduled for 12 April in Hungary is set to take place within a wholly new configuration of the political landscape.
Fidesz, led by Viktor Orbán and the clear victor in the past four elections, will face a new…
Analyses |
| Daria Zielińska
Kazakhstan’s oil sector is facing a serious crisis due to reduced throughput of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC), caused by Ukrainian drone attacks in November 2025 and January of this year. The CPC pipeline transports about 1% of…
Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark, Michał Kędzierski
On 29 January, with the votes of the CDU/CSU–SPD coalition and the opposition AfD, the Bundestag adopted a framework law on the protection of critical infrastructure (the KRITIS umbrella law), implementing the EU CER Directive on the…
OSW Commentary |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…