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OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Strachota
The so-called Twelve-Day War between Israel and Iran in June 2025 marked the culmination of a decades-long international crisis surrounding Iran. The conflict significantly weakened the Iranian state but failed to resolve the core issue:…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Strachota, Karol Wasilewski, Marek Matusiak
When Bashar al-Assad’s regime was toppled in December 2024, Syria entered a process of forming a new political and constitutional order. The victorious faction, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), which formally disbanded on 29 January, and its…