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OSW Commentary |
| Ilona Gizińska, Paulina Uznańska
… new investments by Chinese giants such as CATL and BYD are set to turn Hungary into a manufacturing hub … arena and continued its active involvement in both the Belt & Road Initiative and the Central European ‘14+1’ format. …
OSW Commentary |
| Sławomir Matuszak, Konrad Popławski
… the railway lines leading to the EU in the short term, and to result in the local logistical hubs taking over a … the vast majority of the EU, as opposed to the 1520-mm broad-gauge railway which predominates in Russia and the … and broad-gauge track is located in the border belt, which is economically favourable to Polish …
OSW Commentary |
| Marek Menkiszak
… Federation (RF) has issued a series of statements and undertaken actions primarily aimed at Ukraine and … integrity of the Russian state. These criteria are broader than those outlined in the official Russian … its policies, especially since Beijing announced its Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. Consequently, Moscow …
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
… tensions into a full-scale confrontation between China and the US. China’s claims exceed merely establishing … significant infrastructural projects under the Belt and Road Initiative. The two sides later discussed joint …
OSW Commentary |
| Marcin Popławski
… Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan). Over the last two years, it has become … China and Russia there. The strategy defined three broad areas of the EU’s interest: resilience (promoting … the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route at the Belt and Road Forum in October 2023. For Russia, the new …