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OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Maciej Kalwasiński

The EU in the face of Chinas growing role in global and European climate policy

At the COP30 climate summit in the Brazilian city of Belém, the European Union hopes to reaffirm the importance of efforts to reduce emissions, the effectiveness of the multilateral climate regime, and its own leadership within it. At the…
OSW Commentary | | Maciej Kalwasiński

A two-speed economy China on the eve of a trade war

In 2024, China’s economy continued to struggle with persistent challenges, including slower growth, weak consumption, and deflationary pressures. However, Chinese leaders view these difficulties as an acceptable and temporary cost of its…