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Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Łukasz Maślanka, Marek Matusiak, Witold Rodkiewicz
On 22 January in Davos, representatives of 20 states signed the Charter of the Board of Peace established by Donald Trump (see Appendix). The concept of the board first appeared in a 20-point peace plan for Gaza presented by the United…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Kacper Sienicki
On 6 January, another meeting of the so-called Coalition of the Willing was held in Paris (see: ‘The Coalition of the Willing on security guarantees for Ukraine: less ambitious, more concrete’), focusing on Western security guarantees for…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Sławomir Matuszak, Iwona Wiśniewska
During its summit on 18–19 December, the European Council did not agree to grant Ukraine the so-called reparations loan based on frozen Russian assets. However, a decision was taken to provide Kyiv with an interest-free loan of €90 billion…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 19 March, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, presented the so-called White Paper on the future of European defence: Readiness 2030. It updates the assessment of…
Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka
On 18 March, the Council of the EU passed a decision modifying the form of the European Peace Facility (EPF, see ‘An EU War Chest: the success and uncertain future of the European Peace Facility’).
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Ilona Gizińska, Łukasz Maślanka
At an extraordinary summit held on 1 February in Brussels, the European Council (hereafter the Council) decided to launch the Ukraine Facility, an instrument intended to provide financial assistance to Kyiv in the period from 2024 to 2027…
Analyses |
| Jakub Ber, Piotr Żochowski, Jakub Graca, Łukasz Maślanka
At dawn on 10 October, the Russians launched an offensive operation at Avdiivka. The city and its immediate surroundings came under intense barrelled artillery fire and rocket systems (thermobaric and incendiary phosphorus shells, among…