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Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

The White Paper the EUs new initiatives for European defence

On 19 March, the European Commission and the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Kaja Kallas, presented the so-called White Paper on the future of European defence: Readiness 2030. It updates the assessment of…
Point of View | | Łukasz Maślanka

The patchwork defence union. Shifts in the EU’s security policy following the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 provided an impulse for the development of EU security and defence policy initiatives. Member states provided significant military assistance to Kyiv, making innovative use of Common…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…