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Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka, Sławomir Matuszak, Iwona Wiśniewska

A bitter compromise over the EUs financial assistance to Ukraine

During its summit on 18–19 December, the European Council did not agree to grant Ukraine the so-called reparations loan based on frozen Russian assets. However, a decision was taken to provide Kyiv with an interest-free loan of €90 billion…
Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka

EDIP more cooperation in the European defence industry

On 8 December, the Council of the European Union adopted the regulation establishing the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP), which the European Parliament had approved in November.