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Analyses | | Marcin Popławski, Filip Rudnik

Russian gas in Central Asia a plan to deepen dependence

Since Gazprom lost a significant part of its European market, the Russian company has been looking for opportunities to export natural gas to new destinations, including Central Asia. Since the autumn of 2022, Russia has stepped up its…
Analyses | | Filip Rudnik

The West needs to re-examine the Russian oil sanctions

Although the West introduced sanctions on seaborne imports of Russian oil in December 2022, Russian budget revenues from oil exports have soared in the second half of this year. This suggests that the price cap has been largely ineffective…