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Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

20th sanctions package the EU signals it will stay the course despite the energy crisis

On 23 April, the Council of the European Union adopted its 20th package of sanctions against Russia. The measures tighten restrictions on Russian oil and LNG exports, including those targeting the operation of the so-called ‘shadow fleet…
Analyses | | Filip Rudnik

Ukrainian attacks on Russias oil export infrastructure

In March, Ukraine intensified its attacks on Russia’s oil and fuel infrastructure, primarily targeting facilities involved in the export of crude oil and petroleum products. Drones struck oil terminals in the Baltic ports of Primorsk and…
OSW Commentary | | Witold Rodkiewicz, Filip Rudnik, Iwona Wiśniewska

Gains amid mounting challenges the consequences of the war in Iran for Russia

The US-Israeli attack on Iran has had varied consequences for Russia. In political and strategic terms, the challenge posed by the Trump administration’s policy based on the use of force – targeting Moscow’s allies and exposing its…