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OSW Commentary | | Adam Michalski

Electromobility Made in Türkiye Turkeys automotive sector in the era of change

The global shift towards electromobility is placing pressure on Turkey’s automotive industry (ranked twelfth globally and third in Europe), which remains heavily dependent on the production of internal combustion vehicles for European…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Adam Michalski, Jan Nowinowski, Jacek Tarociński

Romania Bulgaria and Turkey in the Black Sea region increased cooperation

The Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has heightened security risks for NATO allies in the Black Sea region, namely Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey. These countries differ in how they perceive the challenges and threats, as…