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Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Justyna Gotkowska

Deployment of a European reassurance force in Ukraine a political or military measure

Since March, a coalition of the willing – led by France and the United Kingdom and comprising European countries and overseas partners – has been working on a concept for deploying a Western reassurance force to Ukraine once hostilities…
OSW Commentary | | Łukasz Maślanka, Piotr Szymański

The resilience of the European Union and NATO in an era of multiple crises

NATO and the EU, Europe’s two most important security institutions, are currently pursuing their second round of efforts within the past decade to enhance the crisis resilience of states and societies. The first followed Russia’s…