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Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
On 9th August, in an interview he gave to the German press agency, the US Ambassador to Germany Richard Grenell stated that 'it is offensive to assume that the U.S. taxpayers continue to pay for more than 50,000 Americans in Germany but…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
On 20th March Germany’s government adopted the draft federal budget for 2020 and the financial plan to 2023. According to the draft, Germany’s defence spending is set to increase to 45.1 billion euros in 2020 and account for 1.37% of the…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
This year’s Munich Security Conference has laid bare the differences in the US and German visions of international order and security in speeches given by Chancellor Angela Merkel and US Vice President Mike Pence. Germany fundamentally…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
On 4 December, the NATO Foreign Affairs Ministers issued a statement confirming that Russia had violated the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on the elimination of ground-launch ballistic and cruise missiles with a range…
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Piotr Szymański
For quite some time, territorial defence seemed to be an obsolete need, a leftover from the Cold War era. However, Russia’s overt and covert uses of military force—against Georgia in 2008 and against Ukraine since 2014—have profoundly…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska, Andrzej Wilk
On 20 October, US President Donald Trump announced the US’s intention to withdraw from the 1987 Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty on the elimination of ground-launch ballistic and cruise missiles with a range of from 500 km to…
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
The NATO summit in Brussels on 11–12 July will be a summit of political and military paradoxes.
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
The Norwegian government and parliament had granted approval for the rotational stationing of the US Marines to continue in Norway for the next five years.
Analyses |
| Justyna Gotkowska
On 2nd May the German federal government adopted a draft budget and a financial plan for 2018–2022.
OSW Commentary |
| Justyna Gotkowska
As NATO has returned its focus to collective defence since 2014, very short, short-range and medium-range surface-based air defence has become a desirable capability.