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OSW Commentary | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Excessive dependence The growing role of US LNG and oil in the EU market

Since 2022, the EU has undergone a rapid transformation of its natural gas and crude oil import mix. Faced with Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, now in its fourth year, and the Russian-European economic war, the EU has almost…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota, Szymon Kardaś, Piotr Szymański, Sławomir Matuszak

Denmark gives go-ahead for Nord Stream 2

On 30 October the Danish Energy Agency (DEA) issued a permit allowing the construction of Nord Stream 2 in the Danish exclusive economic zone on the route that runs southeast from Bornholm, thereby rejecting the alternative route running…
Analyses | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Work starts on Nord Stream 2s construction

On 5 September, the Nord Stream 2 company began laying the first pipes in the Gulf of Finland, thus marking the start of the gas pipeline’s construction.