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Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

Seventeenth package of EU sanctions against Russia a signal to Moscow and Washington

On 20 May, the European Union adopted its 17th sanctions package against the Russian Federation. This package significantly expands the list of entities subject to EU sanctions. It includes 189 tankers from the ‘shadow fleet’, along with…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska

Low oil prices are forcing Russia to revise its 2025 budget

On 30 April, the Russian government approved a draft law to revise the 2025 budget parameters. The government’s new macroeconomic projection assumes, among other things, an average annual oil export price of $56 per barrel (down from the $…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

The EUs new sanctions package against Russia a cautious approach still prevails

On 24 February, the European Union adopted its 16th package of sanctions against Russia, targeting the energy, financial, and metallurgical sectors. A key element of the package is the further tightening of restrictions on the sale of…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska

The Biden administration is solidifying sanctions against Russia

On 15 January, the outgoing US administration amended the legal basis for sanctioning nearly 100 Russian entities. The new package of restrictions subjects all these companies to sanctions under Executive Order 13662 (2014), which…