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Analyses | | Łukasz Maślanka, Sławomir Matuszak, Iwona Wiśniewska

A bitter compromise over the EUs financial assistance to Ukraine

During its summit on 18–19 December, the European Council did not agree to grant Ukraine the so-called reparations loan based on frozen Russian assets. However, a decision was taken to provide Kyiv with an interest-free loan of €90 billion…
Analyses | | Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik

Trumps first sanctions the EUs 19th sanctions package the West increases the pressure on Russia

On 22 October, Donald Trump imposed sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil – Russia’s two largest oil companies. The restrictions also covered their subsidiaries, amounting to a total of 34 entities. On 23 October, the European Union also…
OSW Report | | Iwona Wiśniewska

A game of cat and mouse. How Russia is circumventing sanctions

The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…