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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 20 May, the European Union adopted its 17th sanctions package against the Russian Federation. This package significantly expands the list of entities subject to EU sanctions. It includes 189 tankers from the ‘shadow fleet’, along with…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 30 April, the Russian government approved a draft law to revise the 2025 budget parameters. The government’s new macroeconomic projection assumes, among other things, an average annual oil export price of $56 per barrel (down from the $…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
Since the beginning of 2025, Russian oil exporters have faced difficulties that are negatively impacting the state’s oil and gas revenues. Sanctions, combined with a strong rouble and falling global oil prices, are increasingly…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The sharp increase in wartime budget spending in 2024 has helped to sustain Russia’s high economic growth rates, particularly double-digit growth in manufacturing industries serving the military. However, the number of economic challenges…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 24 February, the European Union adopted its 16th package of sanctions against Russia, targeting the energy, financial, and metallurgical sectors. A key element of the package is the further tightening of restrictions on the sale of…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 15 January, the outgoing US administration amended the legal basis for sanctioning nearly 100 Russian entities. The new package of restrictions subjects all these companies to sanctions under Executive Order 13662 (2014), which…