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Analyses |
| Łukasz Maślanka, Sławomir Matuszak, Iwona Wiśniewska
During its summit on 18–19 December, the European Council did not agree to grant Ukraine the so-called reparations loan based on frozen Russian assets. However, a decision was taken to provide Kyiv with an interest-free loan of €90 billion…
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 3 December, the European Commission added Russia to the EU’s list of high-risk countries – commonly referred to as the ‘blacklist’ – deemed to have strategic deficiencies in their frameworks for countering financial crime. The decision…
OSW Commentary |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 28 November, Vladimir Putin signed the Russian Federation’s 2026 budget law and approved the overall parameters of the budgets for 2027–28, after the document had passed swiftly through parliament. In drafting next year’s budget, the…