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OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

An asymmetric neighbourhood Moldovas risks opportunities and fears in its policy towards Ukraine

Ukraine is of existential importance to Moldova. As a state resisting Russian aggression since 2022, and as a neighbour larger and more populous than Romania, it effectively fulfils the role of a guarantor of Moldova’s security. These…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Seven lean years Romanias struggle with record high debt

Romania has been grappling with exceptionally high public debt since 2020. It was then that the budget deficit reached 9.3% of GDP, prompting the European Union to place the country under the Excessive Deficit Procedure (EDP). Despite this…