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Analyses | | Krzysztof Strachota
On 28 September, full-scale UN sanctions against Iran came into effect in response to its serious violations of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) concerning the nuclear programme. All the UN restrictions that had been…
Analyses | | Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses | | Kamil Całus
On 28 September, a parliamentary election was held in Moldova, in which the ruling pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), linked to President Maia Sandu, won with over 50% of the vote. The pro-Russian Patriotic Electoral Bloc (…
Analyses | | Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 25 September, the Lithuanian parliament (Seimas) swore in the government led by Social Democrat Inga Ruginienė and approved its agenda. The new cabinet is supported by a coalition of three parliamentary groups: the Social Democratic…
Analyses | | Piotr Szymański, Bartosz Chmielewski, Marek Menkiszak
On 19 September, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated Estonian airspace above its territorial waters in the Gulf of Finland, remaining there for 12 minutes at a depth up to 10 kilometres. The aircraft were detected, intercepted, and…
Analyses | | Aleksandra Kozaczyńska
After nine months of operating under a provisional financial plan, on 18 September the Bundestag adopted the federal budget for 2025. The delay was a consequence of the collapse of the SPD–Greens–FDP government in autumn 2024, triggered by…
OSW Commentary | | Krzysztof Dębiec
ANO, the party led by the oligarch and former Prime Minister Andrej Babiš, is the clear frontrunner in the upcoming elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic, scheduled for 3–4 October. Since ANO is likely to be an…
Analyses | | Zuzanna Krzyżanowska, Karol Wasilewski
On 15 September, a court in Ankara decided to postpone proceedings concerning the general congress of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) until 24 October. The main opposition party had feared a ruling that could remove Özgür Özel from his…
Analyses | | Marcin Jędrysiak
On 16 September, Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada adopted a law establishing the Specialised District Administrative Court (SOAS) and the Specialised Administrative Court of Appeal (SAAS). The bill was supported by 239 MPs, including 193 from…