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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
On 30 April, the Russian government approved a draft law to revise the 2025 budget parameters. The government’s new macroeconomic projection assumes, among other things, an average annual oil export price of $56 per barrel (down from the $…
Analyses |
| Marcin Jędrysiak, Sławomir Matuszak
On 30 April, Ukraine’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economy Yulia Svyrydenko and US Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent signed an agreement to establish the US–Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund. This new institution…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Dębiec
On 17 April, Prime Minister Petr Fiala announced that the Czech Republic had definitively ended its dependence on Russian oil supplies. For the first time in its history, the country was supplied exclusively with crude oil from non-Russian…
OSW Commentary |
| Joanna Hyndle-Hussein
On 9 February, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia synchronised their electricity networks with those of continental Europe (CESA), using the overland interconnector LitPol Link between Ełk in Poland and Alytus in Lithuania. The three countries…
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski