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OSW Commentary | | Piotr Szymański

NATO summit in The Hague Trumps return and a two-component 5 of GDP on defence

The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus, Adam Michalski, Jan Nowinowski, Jacek Tarociński

Romania Bulgaria and Turkey in the Black Sea region increased cooperation

The Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has heightened security risks for NATO allies in the Black Sea region, namely Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey. These countries differ in how they perceive the challenges and threats, as…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

New government in Romania a grand coalition facing major challenges

On 23 June, the Romanian parliament passed a vote of confidence in the new coalition government led by Ilie Bolojan, leader of the centre-right National Liberal Party (PNL) and, until recently, acting president (from February to May 2025…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Pro-European mayor of Bucharest elected as Romanias new president

In the second round of Romania’s repeat presidential election on 18 May, Nicușor Dan emerged victorious. The independent, pro-European, centre-right politician who advocates continued support for Ukraine, secured 53.6% of the vote.
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania coalition crisis resulting from the first round of the presidential election

In the first round of Romania’s repeated presidential election held on 4 May, George Simion, leader of the opposition national-conservative and sovereigntist Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), won the most votes, securing 40.96%.…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Elections for the chosen few Romania nears the end of its presidential campaign

On 4 May, the first round of the presidential election will be held in Romania. This will be the country’s second attempt in six months to elect a head of state. The previous vote, held at the end of 2024, culminated in scandal. On 6…
OSW Commentary | | Kamil Całus

Thirty years of crisis Romanias demographic situation

Over the past three decades, Romania has been among the fastest-depopulating countries in the European Union. Between the beginning of its political and economic transition and 2021, the country lost as much as 17% of its population.…
OSW Report | | Agata Łoskot-Strachota

Energy policy in times of war and transition. Priorities of the Central and Eastern European countries and Germany

Since the outbreak of Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine, the effective implementation of three key energy policy objectives has gained importance: ensuring energy security alongside the EU’s ambitious climate agenda, maintaining…
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

Romania new presidential election without Georgescu

On 15 March, the registration of candidates for the re-run presidential election in Romania, scheduled for 4 May, was concluded.
Analyses | | Kamil Całus

MAGA casts a shadow on US-Romanian relations

In recent weeks, Bucharest has faced a wave of criticism from representatives of the US administration and the MAGA (Make America Great Again) movement, purportedly led by Elon Musk.