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OSW Studies |
| Artur Ciechanowicz, Marta Zawilska-Florczuk
Germany became reunited through the incorporation of the East German federal states to the then Federal Republic of Germany. The West German point of view is predominant in public discourse regarding this issue, which is manifested through…
OSW Report |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The European Commission brought up the issue in the "Energy 2020 - A strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy" and questions about the most important directions, goals and tools of the external energy policy are the subject…
OSW Report |
| Justyna Gotkowska
Contact network building and political lobbying, development co-operation programmes and foreign cultural and science policy are vital for supporting the German economy – which relies heavily on exports – and for the country’s ambition to…
Point of View |
| Anna Kwiatkowska
The consequences of the present debate on how Germany suffered during the war do matter and will continue to matter both for Germany itself and for Germany’s relations with its near neighbours. Contrary to popular belief, the debate, still…
OSW Studies |
| Maciej Falkowski
Militant Islam is the greatest threat to stability in the North Caucasus. However, it is merely a symptom of a much wider process, namely the widening civilisational gap between Russia and the North Caucasus. As a result, the North…
Point of View |
| Łukasz Antas, Agata Łoskot-Strachota
Nord Stream increases Gazprom’s flexibility as far its export routes are concerned; it enables them to be changed with regard to the market or political situation. Nevertheless, this expensive pipeline may contribute to a further drop in…
OSW Report |
| Katarzyna Pełczyńska-Nałęcz
Contrary to the widely-held belief, Polish-Russian conflicts do not stem from genetic Russophobia on the part of Poland, or irrational prejudice on the part of Russia. Their substance is real and concerns strategic issues.
OSW Report |
| Agata Dubas, Jadwiga Rogoża, Iwona Wiśniewska
The financial reserves accumulated in times of prosperity (more than US$162 billion in the stabilisation funds and nearly US$598 billion in the currency and gold reserve) alleviated the negative impact of the crisis, although this failed…
Point of View |
| Maciej Falkowski, Krzysztof Strachota
The real threat posed by militant Islam seems to be rather limited, and its roots lie outside Central Asia. This region is unlikely to become a key front of global jihad. Nevertheless, this does not guarantee peace and safety in Central…
OSW Studies |
| Marcin Kaczmarski
Russia’s actions so far have led to a kind of deadlock. Moscow has managed to stop NATO enlargement into the CIS area, persuade the USA not to deploy the missile shield in Poland and the Czech Republic, and avoid major consequences after…