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Analyses |
| Maciej Kalwasiński
Despite falling oil and car shipments dragging down headline trade figures, China remains central to sustaining Russia’s economy and war effort in 2025.
Analyses |
| Andrzej Kohut, Jacek Tarociński
On 4 July, President Donald Trump signed a reconciliation bill, concluding months of negotiations in the US Congress over its final form. The legislation enables adjustments to the budget for the ongoing fiscal year and represents a key…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
China is striving to build its own technological ecosystem – one that is not only independent, but also resilient to sanctions and restrictions imposed by the United States, currently the most prolific user of such measures. As a result,…
Analyses |
| Agata Łoskot-Strachota
The Israeli attack on Iran, which began on 13 June, has affected energy commodity markets. Prices rose almost immediately, with monthly Brent crude contracts increasing by approximately 8–13%, reaching $75–78 per barrel. Despite airstrikes…
Analyses |
| Michał Bogusz, Kamil Kłysiński
From 2–4 June, Alyaksandr Lukashenka paid his fifteenth visit to the People’s Republic of China, the first since March 2023. Simultaneously, a Belarusian delegation travelled to Beijing for a meeting of finance ministers and central bank…
Analyses |
| Witold Rodkiewicz
Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s participation in the Kremlin’s commemorations of the 80th anniversary of victory in World War II (the Moscow Victory Day Parade) was combined with a four-day official state visit (7–10 May). Following a summit…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
The current dynamics of the trade relationship between Russia and China highlight the unequal nature of their partnership, says Filip Rudnik in his analysis for the China-Russia Dashboard.
OSW Report |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The restrictions are having an impact, as seen in Russia’s civilian-orientated industries. However, the West – particularly the European Union, which was Moscow’s largest trading partner before the invasion – has not demonstrated…
OSW Commentary |
| Zespół Niemiec i Europy Północnej OSW
The amendment to Germany’s Basic Law, enabling increased spending on defence and infrastructure investments, should be seen as a key element of the changes initiated in the country following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 – albeit a…
OSW Commentary |
| Konrad Popławski
Over the past decade, Chinese investors have expanded their presence in European ports, acquiring significant stakes in some of the continent’s largest terminals, including those in Rotterdam, Hamburg, and Antwerp. Following the 2008…