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OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
In 2025, Russia’s regional budgets recorded their highest-ever deficits and levels of debt. This reflected the financial burdens imposed by the Kremlin on the regions to support Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the broader economic…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Maria Domańska
On 22–24 July, the Russian parliament unanimously adopted a package of laws that drastically curtails the civil rights of Russian citizens living abroad. The measures target those who have been convicted in criminal or administrative cases…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Sławomir Matuszak, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak, Konrad Popławski
On 22 July, Ukraine’s Minister of Agrarian Policy, Taras Vysotskyi, announced that no commercial vessel had entered Ukraine’s Black Sea ports that day. Shipowners suspended sailings over concerns about the safety of their vessels following…
Analyses |
| Paulina Uznańska
On 24 July, China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) added 14 EU entities to its export control list, effectively imposing sanctions by prohibiting the supply of dual-use goods. Two of the listed entities are from Poland: Wrocław University…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik, Iwona Wiśniewska
The EU’s twenty-first sanctions package against Russia: national interests dilute the measures
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Krzysztof Nieczypor, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska
The Russian authorities are working on draft legislation to comprehensively regulate the domestic cryptocurrency market. The bill, originally expected to enter into force on 1 July 2026, is awaiting its second reading in the State Duma and…