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Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 30 September, the Russian government decided to extend restrictions on fuel exports. Until the end of 2025, Russian entities will be completely forbidden from exporting petrol and there will be a partial limitation on the sale of other…
Analyses |
| Adam Michalski, Karol Wasilewski
On 25 September, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, met with his American counterpart Donald Trump at the White House. During the visit, a memorandum on strategic co-operation in the field of civil nuclear energy was signed – most…
Analyses |
| Kamil Całus
On 28 September, a parliamentary election was held in Moldova, in which the ruling pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), linked to President Maia Sandu, won with over 50% of the vote. The pro-Russian Patriotic Electoral Bloc (…
OSW Commentary |
| Miłosz Bartosiewicz
The Putin regime has spent over two decades gradually stripping local governments of their autonomy as part of a consistent process of state centralisation. The effective dismantling of the local government system is now nearing completion…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Piotr Szymański, Bartosz Chmielewski, Marek Menkiszak
On 19 September, three Russian MiG-31 fighter jets violated Estonian airspace above its territorial waters in the Gulf of Finland, remaining there for 12 minutes at a depth up to 10 kilometres. The aircraft were detected, intercepted, and…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Marek Menkiszak, Katarzyna Chawryło
On the night of 9–10 September, several Russian drones entering from Ukrainian and Belarusian airspace violated Polish airspace.