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Analyses |
| Iwona Wiśniewska, Filip Rudnik
On 22 October, Donald Trump imposed sanctions on Rosneft and Lukoil – Russia’s two largest oil companies. The restrictions also covered their subsidiaries, amounting to a total of 34 entities. On 23 October, the European Union also…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 17 October, the Supreme Court of the Kingdom of the Netherlands upheld the 2014 arbitration ruling in the ‘Yukos case’, definitively ordering the Russian Federation to pay compensation to the former shareholders of the now-defunct…
Analyses |
| Katarzyna Chawryło
On 15 October, Vladimir Putin approved the State Migration Policy Concept of the Russian Federation for 2026–2030, which outlines an assessment, general objectives, and the main directions of the state’s migration policy.
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Piotr Żochowski, Jacek Tarociński
Analyses |
| Sławomir Matuszak
Around the turn of September and October, Russia launched another wave of attacks against Ukraine’s energy infrastructure. The aggressor has modified its tactics – instead of attempting to trigger a nationwide blackout, as it did in…
OSW Commentary |
| Krzysztof Nieczypor, Sławomir Matuszak
The Russian–Ukrainian war has been marked by the unprecedented use of unmanned aerial vehicles. The effectiveness of drones on the battlefield has led to their widespread deployment by the Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU), enabled by their…
Analyses |
| Lidia Gibadło, Jacek Tarociński
At the beginning of October, unidentified drones were spotted over Munich Airport, disrupting operations at the facility for several hours. This was yet another incident of its kind in recent weeks. At the end of September, drones were…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
On 30 September, the Russian government decided to extend restrictions on fuel exports. Until the end of 2025, Russian entities will be completely forbidden from exporting petrol and there will be a partial limitation on the sale of other…