{"id":1438,"date":"2025-12-01T12:21:47","date_gmt":"2025-12-01T11:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/?post_type=knowledgebase&#038;p=1438"},"modified":"2025-12-12T13:02:30","modified_gmt":"2025-12-12T12:02:30","slug":"schwarze-null-czarne-zero","status":"publish","type":"knowledgebase","link":"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/?knowledgebase=schwarze-null-czarne-zero","title":{"rendered":"Schwarze null (czarne zero)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/leksykon-niemiecki\/?knowledgebase=ordoliberalismus-ordoliberalizm\">Zob. <em>ordoliberalizm<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Spos\u00f3b prowadzenia polityki bud\u017cetowej konsekwentnie realizowanej przez Wolfganga Sch\u00e4ublego (CDU), kt\u00f3ry piastowa\u0142 urz\u0105d ministra finans\u00f3w w latach 2009\u20132017. G\u0142\u00f3wnym za\u0142o\u017ceniem tego podej\u015bcia by\u0142o utrzymanie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego bud\u017cetu federalnego bez zaci\u0105gania d\u0142ug\u00f3w oraz zapewnienie, aby wydatki pa\u0144stwowe nie przekracza\u0142y wp\u0142yw\u00f3w bud\u017cetowych, co pozwala\u0142o unikn\u0105\u0107 deficytu. Zasada ta (podobnie jak hamulec d\u0142ugu) stanowi rezultat do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 wyniesionych z globalnego kryzysu finansowego lat 2008\u20132009. Dzi\u0119ki wdro\u017ceniu tej strategii Niemcom uda\u0142o si\u0119 nie tylko unikn\u0105\u0107 deficytu bud\u017cetowego w latach 2014\u20132019 na poziomie federalnym, lecz tak\u017ce wygenerowa\u0107 nadwy\u017cki. W konsekwencji CDU zyska\u0142a znacz\u0105ce poparcie spo\u0142eczne i wzmocni\u0142a sw\u00f3j wizerunek jako partii odpowiedzialnej finansowo, a w konkursie na s\u0142owo roku w 2014 r. <em>Schwarze Null<\/em> zaj\u0119\u0142o drugie miejsce. \u00d3wczesna kanclerz, Angela Merkel (CDU), nazwa\u0142a osi\u0105gni\u0119cie czarnego zera \u201epunktem zwrotnym\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Polityka czarnego zera uosabia\u0142a przekonanie, \u017ce finansowa dyscyplina stanowi warunek stabilno\u015bci i odpowiedzialno\u015bci pa\u0144stwa, a unikanie d\u0142ugu to kwestia nie tylko ekonomii, lecz tak\u017ce moralno\u015bci politycznej. Dlatego za czas\u00f3w Sch\u00e4ublego panowa\u0142 polityczny konsensus i niemieckie partie pozostawa\u0142y zgodne co do celu, jakim by\u0142o utrzymanie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego bud\u017cetu. R\u00f3\u017cni\u0142y si\u0119 w jednak pogl\u0105dach na to, jak go osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 \u2014 lewica chcia\u0142a to zrobi\u0107 poprzez podnoszenie podatk\u00f3w, a prawica poprzez ci\u0119cia wydatk\u00f3w. Dlatego czarne zero spotka\u0142o si\u0119 z krytyk\u0105 (przede wszystkim ze strony ugrupowa\u0144 lewicowych) dotycz\u0105c\u0105 ograniczenia mo\u017cliwo\u015bci realizacji inwestycji publicznych w kluczowych obszarach, takich jak infrastruktura publiczna, nowe technologie czy cyfryzacja. Niedostateczne nak\u0142ady w tych dziedzinach mia\u0142y w konsekwencji przyczyni\u0107 si\u0119 do problem\u00f3w gospodarczych Niemiec oraz ograniczonego wzrostu PKB w p\u00f3\u017aniejszych latach. W dyskursie publicznym <em>Schwarze Null<\/em> sta\u0142o si\u0119 wi\u0119c symbolem konserwatywnego przywi\u0105zania do bud\u017cetowej ortodoksji kosztem d\u0142ugofalowej modernizacji gospodarki. Podej\u015bcie to reprezentuje FDP, a do 2025 r. r\u00f3wnie\u017c chadecy. <em>(AKz)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"732\" src=\"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Schwarze-Null-1024x732.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1626\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Schwarze-Null-1024x732.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Schwarze-Null-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Schwarze-Null-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Schwarze-Null.jpg 1401w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zob. ordoliberalizm Spos\u00f3b prowadzenia polityki bud\u017cetowej konsekwentnie realizowanej przez Wolfganga Sch\u00e4ublego (CDU), kt\u00f3ry piastowa\u0142 urz\u0105d ministra finans\u00f3w w latach 2009\u20132017. G\u0142\u00f3wnym za\u0142o\u017ceniem tego podej\u015bcia by\u0142o utrzymanie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego bud\u017cetu federalnego bez zaci\u0105gania d\u0142ug\u00f3w oraz zapewnienie, aby wydatki pa\u0144stwowe nie przekracza\u0142y wp\u0142yw\u00f3w bud\u017cetowych, co pozwala\u0142o unikn\u0105\u0107 deficytu. Zasada ta (podobnie jak hamulec d\u0142ugu) stanowi rezultat do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 wyniesionych [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","knowledgebase_cat":[14],"class_list":["post-1438","knowledgebase","type-knowledgebase","status-publish","hentry","knowledgebase_cat-gospodarka"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Schwarze null (czarne zero) -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.osw.waw.pl\/wp-sites\/?knowledgebase=schwarze-null-czarne-zero\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Schwarze null (czarne zero) -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zob. ordoliberalizm Spos\u00f3b prowadzenia polityki bud\u017cetowej konsekwentnie realizowanej przez Wolfganga Sch\u00e4ublego (CDU), kt\u00f3ry piastowa\u0142 urz\u0105d ministra finans\u00f3w w latach 2009\u20132017. G\u0142\u00f3wnym za\u0142o\u017ceniem tego podej\u015bcia by\u0142o utrzymanie zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conego bud\u017cetu federalnego bez zaci\u0105gania d\u0142ug\u00f3w oraz zapewnienie, aby wydatki pa\u0144stwowe nie przekracza\u0142y wp\u0142yw\u00f3w bud\u017cetowych, co pozwala\u0142o unikn\u0105\u0107 deficytu. 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