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Analyses |
| Kamil Frymark
At the extraordinary SPD congress in Berlin (27–29 June), the party elected new leadership. Lars Klingbeil – Vice Chancellor and Federal Minister of Finance – assumed the role of co-leader for the third time. Although he ran unopposed, he…
OSW Commentary |
| Kamil Całus, Adam Michalski, Jan Nowinowski, Jacek Tarociński
The Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has heightened security risks for NATO allies in the Black Sea region, namely Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey. These countries differ in how they perceive the challenges and threats, as…
OSW Commentary |
| Piotr Szymański
The NATO summit in The Hague (24–25 June) – the first chaired by new Secretary General Mark Rutte – was minimalist in both form and content. It concluded with a record-low five-point declaration. This approach to a meeting of NATO heads of…
Analyses |
| Jan Nowinowski
On 18 June, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi paid a visit to Croatia, where he signed bilateral cooperation agreements in the fields of agriculture, culture, science and technology, and education. Zagreb expressed its support for the…
Analyses |
| Filip Rudnik
In recent months there have been signs of growing tensions within the Russian elite. The latest manifestation of this was seen in a dispute between members of the government’s so-called economic bloc during the St. Petersburg International…
Analyses |
| Krzysztof Strachota
On 24 June, a ceasefire in the Israel-Iranian war, which involved direct US military engagement, came into effect. The ceasefire was imposed by President Donald Trump. The twelve-day conflict marked the greatest defeat in the history of…
OSW Commentary |
| Michał Bogusz
China is striving to build its own technological ecosystem – one that is not only independent, but also resilient to sanctions and restrictions imposed by the United States, currently the most prolific user of such measures. As a result,…
OSW Commentary |
| Zuzanna Krzyżanowska
The Turkish authorities regard the internet – particularly social media platforms and messaging apps, which are increasingly used by citizens to exchange information rapidly – primarily as a threat: a domain of information warfare enabling…
Analyses |
| Andrzej Wilk, Piotr Żochowski
Analyses |
| Wojciech Górecki, Karol Wasilewski
On 20 June, Armenian prime minister Nikol Pashinyan visited Istanbul, where he met with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The talks, which were followed by only brief statements, focused on bilateral relations, the situation in the…